Research: Sexual Orientation/LGBTQ

[Note: To access academic research literature references, scroll further down this page.]

References on Gender Identity, Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Research are available separately.

General References

• Sexual Orientation and Gender, a resource guide from Planned Parenthood
• Coming Out Resources, from the University of Southern California’s LGBT Resource Center
• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health Resource Guide, from the Centers for Disease Control
• LGBT Youth Resources Guide, from the Centers for Disease Control
• Guide to Gender and Sexuality Terminology, from Williams College’s Gender and Sexuality Resource Center
• LGBTQI Mental Health Resources, from the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)
• LGBT People and Mental Health: Healing the Wounds of Prejudice, from the Here to Help Support Network of BC Canada
• Bisexual Resource Center and the guide to Bisexuality and Bi+ Information
• The Number of Americans Identifying as Bisexual Has Tripled in the Last Decade, by Dr. Justin Lehmiller in Sex and Psychology
• Bisexual Pride Primer, 2019, from the Kinsey Institute
• Understanding Bisexuality, from the American Psychological Association
• Bisexuality 101, a resource guide from the Bisexual Resource Center
• Lesbian Health Guide, from WebMD
• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Aging resources guide from the American Psychological Association
• This is the First Lesbian Visibility Day that I’m Proud to Call Myself a Lesbian, by Jill Gutowitz (2019) from Them magazine
• Experiences that make a Lesbian Relationship the Most Powerful Relationship You’ve Ever Had, by Mila Jones (2019), from PSILoveYou
• We Asked a Lesbian Relationship Expert for Mistakes Most Couples Make, by Lindsay Curtis (2018), from Go Magazine
• National Resource Center on LGBT Aging
• Intersexuality, by Dr. Milton Diamond, from Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia
• Intersex Studies: A Systematic Review of International Health Literature (2018), by Tiffany Jones, published in Sage Open journal
• Answers to Your Questions About Individuals with Intersex Conditions, from the American Psychological Association
• Bodies Like Ours: Intersex Information and Peer Support
• Intersexion: Boy or Girl? (2019) A Video Documentary from Real Stories
• Affirming Care for People with Intersex Traits: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know But Were Afraid to Ask (March 2020), by Katharine Baratz Dalke, produced by the Harvard Medical School National LGBT Health Education Center
• The Pansexual Revolution: How Sexual Fluidity Became Mainstream (2019) by Gaby Hinsliff, published in The Guardian
• What is Polyamory? FAQs, from Loving More Magazine
• Is Polyamory a Form of Sexual Orientation?, by Elisabeth A. Sheff Ph.D, from Psychology Today
• All You Need is Loves: The Truth About Polyamory (2018), from the Guardian
• Here’s How Polyamory Works (2019), by Samantha Vincenty, from Oprah Magazine
• Sexuality in Polyamorous Relationships (2019), by Dr. Elisabeth Sheff, from Psychology Today
  
  
  Academic Literature
  
  2022-2024
  
  
• {NEW} Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Bisexual People and Bisexuality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2023), by Eric Julian Manalastas, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} The Rise of Bisexuality: U.S. Representative Data Show an Increase Over Time in Bisexual Identity and Persons Reporting Sex with Both Women and Men (2023), by Martin A. Monto, published in The Journal of Sex Research
• {NEW} Partnership Status and Mental Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Sexual Minorities (2022), by Bianca D.M. Wilson, et al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Healing from Heterosexist Experiences: A Mixed Method Intervention Study Using Expressive Writing (2022), by Heidi M. Levitt, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Partnership Status and Mental Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Sexual Minorities (2022), by Bianca D.M. Wilson, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• LGBTQ Individuals’ Lived Experiences of Hypervigilance (2022), by S.S. Rostosky, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Bisexual+ Visibility Attempts: Associations with Minority Stress, Affect, and Substance Use in a Daily Diary Study (2022), by Christina Dyar, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Emotion Regulation in Context: Expressive Flexibility as a Stigma Coping Resource for Sexual Minority Men (2022), by Katie Wang, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Monoracial and Multiracial LGBTQ+ People: Comparing Internalized Heterosexism, Perceptions of Racism, and Connection to LGBTQ+ Communities (2022), by Lou Collette Felipe, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
  
  2021
  
  
• {NEW} Trauma-Informed and Affirmative Mental Health Practices with LGBTQ+ Clients (2021), by Jill S. Levenson, Shelley L. Craig, & Ashley Austin, published in the journal Psychological Services
• {NEW} Inconcealable: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Concealment of Gender and Sexual Identity and Associations with Physical and Mental Health (2021), by James M. Brennan et.al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} LGBTQ+ People and COVID-19: The Importance of Resilience During a Pandemic (2021), by Chloe Goldbach, Douglas Knutson, and David Cole Milton, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Training Mental Health Providers in Queer-Affirming Care: A Systematic Review (2021), by J. Bettergarcia, Em Matsuno, & K.J. Conover (2021), published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} LGBQ Activism and Positive Psychological Functioning: The Roles of Meaning, Community Connection, and Coping (2021), by D.M. Szymanski, J.D. Goates, & C. Strauss Swanson, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Disclosure, Minority Stress, and Mental Health Among Bisexual, Pansexual, and queer (Bi+) Adults: The Roles of Primary Sexual Identity and Multiple Sexual Identity Label Use (2021), by Brian A. Feinstein, et al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {New} An Intersectional Approach to Understanding LGBTQ+ People of Color’s Access to LGBTQ+ Community Resilience (2021), by Joshua G. Parmenter, et. al, published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology
• {NEW} Masculinity Threat Increases Bias and Negative Emotions Toward Gay Men (2021), by J.D. Wellman, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Men & Masculinities
• {NEW} Bisexual Men’s Sexual Health: A Test of Minority Stress Theory (2021), by C.J. Polihronakis, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Men & Masculinities
• {NEW} Bisexual Women’s Sexual Health: A Test of Objectification Theory (2021), by Charles Joseph Pllihronakis, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} The New Genetic Evidence on Same-Gender Sexuality: Implications for Sexual Fluidity and Multiple forms of Sexual Diversity (2021), by Lisa M. Diamond, published in The Journal of Sex Research
• {NEW} Exploring Reflections, Motivations, and Experiential Outcomes of First Same-Sex/Gender Sexual Experiences among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Other Sexual Minority Individuals (2021), by I.J. Gillespie, H.L. Armstrong, & R. Ingham, published in The Journal of Sex Research
  
  2016-2020
  
  
• {NEW} Retrospective Feelings of Difference Based on Gender and Sexuality Among Emerging Adults (2020), by Kyle A. Simon, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Prosociality and a Sociosexual Hypothesis for the Evolution of Same-Sex Attractions in Humans (2020), by Andrew Barron & Brian Hare, published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology
• Sexual Orientations: A Critical Review of Psychological, Clinical and Neurobiological Profiles. Clinical Hypothesis of Homosexual and Bisexual Positions (2020), by Giulio Perotta, published in the International Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care
• Exploring the Q in LGBTQ: Demographic characteristic and sexuality of queer people in a U.S. representative sample of sexual minorities (2020), by S.K. Goldberg, et al., published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Sexual Orientation Openness and Depression Symptoms: A Population-based Study (2019), by Arjan van der Star, John E. Pachankis, & Richard Branstrom, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Development of a Scale to Measure Heterosexual Identity (2019), by Larry R. Martinez & Nicholas A. Smith, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Psychological Quality of Life in a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Sample: Correlates of Stress, Mindful Acceptance, and Self-Esteem (2019), published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• Sexual Orientation Differences in the Self-Esteem of Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2019), by Livia Bridge, Patrick Smith, & Katharine A. Rimes, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Anti-Bisexual Discrimination as Insidious Trauma and Impacts on Mental and Physical Health (2019), by James E. Arnette III, et al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Bisexual Women’s Discrimination and Mental Health Outcomes: The Roles of Resilience and Collective Action (2018), by Laurel B. Watson, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Improving the Field of LGBTQ Psychology: Strategies for Amplifying Bisexuality Research (2018), by Amanda M. Pollitt, et. al, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• {NEW} Bisexuality: From Margin to Center (2018), by Tania Israel, published in the journal Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
• Biological Origins of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Impact on Health (2018) by Katherine A. O’Hanlan, Jennifer C. Gordon, & Mackenzie W. Sullivan, published in the journal Gynecologic Oncology
• Estimates of Non-Heterosexual Prevalence: The Roles of Anonymity and Privacy in Survey Methodology (2018), by Ronald E. Robertson, Felix W. Tran,  Lauren N. Lewark, & Robert Epstein, published in the Archives of Sexual Behavior
• LGBT Identity, Untreated Depression, and Unmet Need for Mental Health Services by Sexual Minority Women and Trans-Identified People (2017), by Leah S. Steele, MD, PhD, et al., published in the Journal of Women’s Health
• LGBT Data and Demographics in the United States, 2016, from the Williams Institute of the UCLA School of Law
• Social, Economic and Health Disparities Among LGBT Older Adults(2016), by Charles A. Emlet, Ph.D., M.S.W., published in the journal Generations
• Successful Aging Among LGBT Older Adults: Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life by Age Group (2015), by The Gerontologist
• Minireview: Hormones and Human Sexual Orientation (2011), by Jacques Balthazart, published in the journal Endocrinology

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